The first saber-teeth and tusks evolve in the Late Permian and our ancestors, the cynodonts, appear.

An extinction in the Middle Permian decimates life, from a fossil reef to our ancient relatives.

The first herbivorous vertebrates evolve on the side of the amniote family tree leading to mammals.

Seed plants and amniotes adapt to dry climates, helping them thrive on Pangea in the Permian Period.